1 Kings 6:16

Authorized King James Version

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And he built twenty cubits on the sides of the house, both the floor and the walls with boards of cedar: he even built them for it within, even for the oracle, even for the most holy place.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּ֤בֶן And he built H1129
וַיִּ֤בֶן And he built
Strong's: H1129
Word #: 1 of 18
to build (literally and figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 18
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עֶשְׂרִ֨ים twenty H6242
עֶשְׂרִ֨ים twenty
Strong's: H6242
Word #: 3 of 18
twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth
אַמָּ֜ה cubits H520
אַמָּ֜ה cubits
Strong's: H520
Word #: 4 of 18
properly, a mother (i.e., unit of measure, or the fore-arm (below the elbow), i.e., a cubit; also a door-base (as a bond of the entrance)
מִֽיַּרְכְּותֵ֤י on the sides H3411
מִֽיַּרְכְּותֵ֤י on the sides
Strong's: H3411
Word #: 5 of 18
properly, the flank; but used only figuratively, the rear or recess
מִבַּ֣יִת of the house H1004
מִבַּ֣יִת of the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 6 of 18
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
בְּצַלְע֣וֹת with boards H6763
בְּצַלְע֣וֹת with boards
Strong's: H6763
Word #: 7 of 18
a rib (as curved), literally (of the body) or figuratively (of a door, i.e., leaf); hence, a side, literally (of a person) or figuratively (of an obje
אֲרָזִ֔ים of cedar H730
אֲרָזִ֔ים of cedar
Strong's: H730
Word #: 8 of 18
a cedar tree (from the tenacity of its roots)
מִן both H4480
מִן both
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 9 of 18
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַקַּרְקַ֖ע the floor H7172
הַקַּרְקַ֖ע the floor
Strong's: H7172
Word #: 10 of 18
floor (as if a pavement of pieces or tesseroe), of a building or the sea
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 11 of 18
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
הַקִּיר֑וֹת and the walls H7023
הַקִּיר֑וֹת and the walls
Strong's: H7023
Word #: 12 of 18
a wall (as built in a trench)
וַיִּ֤בֶן And he built H1129
וַיִּ֤בֶן And he built
Strong's: H1129
Word #: 13 of 18
to build (literally and figuratively)
לוֹ֙ H0
לוֹ֙
Strong's: H0
Word #: 14 of 18
מִבַּ֣יִת of the house H1004
מִבַּ֣יִת of the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 15 of 18
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
לִדְבִ֔יר even for the oracle H1687
לִדְבִ֔יר even for the oracle
Strong's: H1687
Word #: 16 of 18
the shrine or innermost part of the sanctuary
הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃ even for the most H6944
הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃ even for the most
Strong's: H6944
Word #: 17 of 18
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity
הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃ even for the most H6944
הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃ even for the most
Strong's: H6944
Word #: 18 of 18
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity

Analysis & Commentary

And he built twenty cubits on the sides of the house, both the floor and the walls with boards of cedar: he even built them for it within, even for the oracle, even for the most holy place.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of construction of the temple, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy. The temple represents God's dwelling among His people and foreshadows Christ as Immanuel ('God with us').

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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